Endocrine Abstracts

Hyponatremia due to water intoxication is often associated with mental disorders like schizophrenia and psychosis. Patients usually present with headaches, seizures and altered consciousness. The mainstay treatment in these cases is fluid restriction. A 31-year-old man was brought to the hospital following a fall and disorientation. He had a history of Schizophrenia which had been well controlled on risperidone. A few weeks before this presentation, he drank about 20 litres of...

Background: Hypothyroidism is a clinical condition caused by a deficiency of thyroid hormones or a decrease in their biological activity. Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are early depolarizations of the myocardium originating in the ventricles. Rhythms with frequent and apparently idiopathic PVCs are considered to be a benign condition that can be managed with conservative measures. Beta blockers are considered to be quite effective.Objective: ...

Background: McCune Albright Syndrome (MAS) is a rare sporadic disorder, affecting 1 in 100,000 to 1 in 1,000,000 people worldwide, with female predilection. It is characterised by a classic triad of fibrous dysplasia (FD) + Café au lait spots (CALs) and precocious puberty. However, in non-classic cases, diagnosis can be made based on 2 or more characteristic features of CALs, FD and Endocrinopathy Mazabraud Syndrome (MS) on the other hand, is a combination of FD + Myxoma. In M...

Background: Bruns Garlands syndrome is a rare disorder in people living with diabetes, manifesting as unilateral or bilateral muscle pain, weakness and atrophy in the proximal region of the lower limbs. Herein, we present the case of a patient with Bruns-Garland syndrome caused by sodium/glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i).Case description: A 55-year-old male with background of type 2 diabetes for 5 years, and currently on oral therapy, presente...

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse outcomes, including large-for-gestational age (LGA) babies who are are at greater risk of developing cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in adulthood. The mechanisms responsible for LGA are unclear but it is associated with altered placental development/function. Recent data also shows a link between temporal changes in maternal glucose and LGA; women with GDM that deliver appropriate for gestational age (AGA) in...

Background/aims: The short synacthen test (SST) is a dynamic function test used to assess the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis. Interpretation requires consideration of sample timing and cortisol method. Currently the 30 minutes post-synacthen cortisol (CORT30) at NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde (NHS GGC) is >450 nmol/l measured on the Abbott Architect. A large reference range study published a cut-off of >430 nmol/l for this method. This audit aims to document clinic...

Background: Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB), a neuroendocrine nasal tumour, exhibits a range of phenotypes from indolent to very aggressive. Even early disease is associated with high (60%) recurrence rates, while advanced disease has 1.5y disease-free and 2.5y overall mean survival. Medical treatments against primary and recurrent disease as well as prognostic biomarkers are urgently required. The few studies available suggest that mTOR/MAPK and Sonic Hedgehog signalling has a ...

Normal placental and fetal growth are important for neonatal and lifelong health. Placental growth is influenced by endogenous microRNAs (miRs) which regulate translation of their target genes into proteins. Recently, plant miRs from ingested food have been detected in mammalian circulation; maternal fruit and vegetable intake is important for normal development but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We hypothesised that miRNAs from maternal dietary fruit and v...

Despite i.v. bisphosphonates, including pamidronate and zoledronate, representing the established agents used to reduce calcium levels, a proportion of patients with hypercalcemia either fail to respond to such treatments or relapse following their use.We present a case of hypercalcaemia refractory to conventional treatments that was treated with the use of the human MAB denosumab.A 70-year-old male presented to the emergency depar...

The IGF axis is imperative for normal placental development and function. In the human placenta, IGF1R regulates the actions of IGFs and consequently placental growth. Some microRNAs (miRs) are also known to regulate human placental growth. miR-145 is known to exert its effects on human placental growth by targeting IGF1R. Whilst the expression of some components within the IGF axis are similar between mice and humans, murine expression and function of IGF regulatory miRs has ...